![]() VF 2.0: The VF 2.0 models consist of simplified CAD files optimized for finite-element modeling in any third-party platform. ![]() All four VF 1.0 models and the Virtual Family Tool are provided free of charge (except for handling fees) to the scientific community for academic purposes only. The Virtual Family Tool can be used to discretize and export the CAD objects in a generic voxel-based format. VF 1.0: The VF 1.0 models include segmentation of approximately 80 high-resolution organs and tissues. The following two VF models versions are available free of charge, except for handling fees: Recently the Virtual Population 3.0 became available 8. As of the end of 2014, the VF was used in more than 120 medical device submissions to FDA and was cited more than 180 times in peer-reviewed literature. Acoustic simulations have been performed to assess the impact of the human anatomy on the focus location, shape, and intensity of ultrasound waves during focused ultrasound treatment 7. An example of application of electromagnetic and CFD simulations is the assessment of the applicability of the magneto-hemodynamic effect as a biomarker for cardiac output 6. These electromagnetic and thermal simulations have also allowed the evaluation of the safety of multi-channel transmit radio frequency whole-body MRI coils 5. Electromagnetic and thermal simulations have been performed on the entire set of VF models and additional models of children to calculate the whole-body averaged and local specific absorption rate (SAR) during exposure to 1.5 and 3T whole-body MRI coils 3,4. Examples of applications of electromagnetic and thermal simulations are the assessment of the safety of active and passive medical implants in an MRI environment and the evaluation of the safety and efficacy of ablation devices 2. The CAD objects allow the models to be meshed at arbitrary resolutions without loss of small features.Ĭurrently, the VF models are used for electromagnetic, thermal, acoustic, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Organs and tissues of the VF 2.0 models are represented by three-dimensional, highly detailed CAD objects without self-intersections and gaps. The four VF models are based on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of healthy volunteers. ZMT Zurich MedTech AG (ZMT, Zurich, Switzerland) and the IT'IS Foundation have sponsored the development of the newly released VF 2.0 models, with enhancements that improve spatial resolution, surface quality, and the effectiveness of the computer-aided design (CAD) handling. The Mobile Manufacturers Forum and the GSM Association also supported the development of the models, which were initially released in 2007. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society (IT'IS Foundation, Zürich, Switzerland), Schmid & Partner Engineering AG (SPEAG, Zurich, Switzerland), the Hospital of the Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany, and Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany. ![]() ![]() The VF project was carried out in collaboration between the U.S. The Virtual Family 1 (VF) is a set of four highly detailed, anatomically correct whole-body models of an adult male, an adult female, and two children. ![]()
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